Scientists and engineers usually prefer to define technology as applied science, rather than as the things that people make and use. In 1937, the American sociologist Read Bain wrote that "technology includes all tools, machines, utensils, weapons, instruments, housing, clothing, communicating and transporting devices and the skills by which we produce and use them." Bain's definition remains common among scholars today, especially social scientists. The term's meanings changed in the early 20th century when American social scientists, beginning with Thorstein Veblen, translated ideas from the German concept of Technik into "technology." In German and other European languages, a distinction exists between technik and technologie that is absent in English, which usually translates both terms as "technology." By the 1930s, "technology" referred not only to the study of the industrial arts but to the industrial arts themselves. The term "technology" rose to prominence in the 20th century in connection with the Second Industrial Revolution. Before the 20th century, the term was uncommon in English, and it was used either to refer to the description or study of the useful arts or to allude to technical education, as in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (chartered in 1861). The use of the term "technology" has changed significantly over the last 200 years. Technology means "science of craft", from Greek τέχνη, techne, "art, skill, cunning of hand" and -λογία, -logia. 3.5 Optimism and skepticism in the 21st century.Neo-Luddism, anarcho-primitivism, and similar reactionary movements criticize the pervasiveness of technology, arguing that it harms the environment and alienates people proponents of ideologies such as transhumanism and techno-progressivism view continued technological progress as beneficial to society and the human condition. Philosophical debates have arisen over the use of technology, with disagreements over whether technology improves the human condition or worsens it. Examples include the rise of the notion of efficiency in terms of human productivity, and the challenges of bioethics. Innovations have always influenced the values of a society and raised new questions in the ethics of technology. Many technological processes produce unwanted by-products known as pollution and deplete natural resources to the detriment of Earth's environment. It has helped develop more advanced economies (including today's global economy) and has allowed the rise of a leisure class. The invention of the wheel helped humans to travel in and control their environment.ĭevelopments in historic times, including the printing press, the telephone, and the Internet, have lessened physical barriers to communication and allowed humans to interact freely on a global scale. The later Neolithic Revolution extended this, and quadrupled the sustenance available from a territory. #Another word for advanced technology how toThe prehistoric invention of shaped stone tools followed by the discovery of how to control fire increased sources of food. The simplest form of technology is the development and use of basic tools. machines) applying technology by taking an input, changing it according to the system's use, and then producing an outcome are referred to as technology systems or technological systems. Technology can be the knowledge of techniques, processes, and the like, or it can be embedded in machines to allow for operation without detailed knowledge of their workings. Technology is the sum of any techniques, skills, methods, and processes used in the production of goods or services or in the accomplishment of objectives, such as scientific investigation. Electricity consumption and living standards are highly correlated. Such turbines produce most of the electricity used today.
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